naming acids worksheet answer key

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31-01-2025

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This worksheet will guide you through the process of naming various acids, a crucial skill in chemistry. Understanding the nomenclature of acids is fundamental to accurately communicating and interpreting chemical information. We'll cover common acids and their systematic naming conventions. Let's begin!

Section 1: Binary Acids

Binary acids are composed of hydrogen and a nonmetal. Their names follow a simple pattern.

Rule: Use the prefix hydro- and the suffix -ic acid.

Example: HCl is named hydrochloric acid.

Worksheet Questions (Section 1):

1. Name the following binary acids: a. HF b. HBr c. HI d. H₂S

2. Write the chemical formula for the following binary acids: a. Hydrofluoric acid b. Hydrobromic acid c. Hydroiodic acid d. Hydrosulfuric acid

Section 2: Oxyacids

Oxyacids contain hydrogen, oxygen, and a nonmetal. Naming oxyacids is slightly more complex.

Rule: The name depends on the oxidation state of the nonmetal.

• If the nonmetal is in its higher oxidation state: Use the suffix -ic acid.
• If the nonmetal is in its lower oxidation state: Use the suffix -ous acid.

Examples:

• HNO₃ (nitrate ion, nitrogen in +5 oxidation state) is nitric acid.
• HNO₂ (nitrite ion, nitrogen in +3 oxidation state) is nitrous acid.
• H₂SO₄ (sulfate ion, sulfur in +6 oxidation state) is sulfuric acid.
• H₂SO₃ (sulfite ion, sulfur in +4 oxidation state) is sulfurous acid.

Worksheet Questions (Section 2):

1. Name the following oxyacids: a. H₃PO₄ b. H₃PO₃ c. HClO₄ d. HClO e. H₂SeO₄ f. H₂SeO₃

2. Write the chemical formula for the following oxyacids: a. Phosphoric acid b. Phosphorous acid c. Perchloric acid d. Hypochlorous acid e. Selenic acid f. Selenous acid

Section 3: Polyprotic Acids

Polyprotic acids can donate more than one proton (H⁺). Their names are similar to those of monoprotic acids.

Worksheet Questions (Section 3):

1. Name the following polyprotic acids: a. H₂CO₃ b. H₂SO₄ c. H₃PO₄

Answer Key

Section 1:

1. a. Hydrofluoric acid b. Hydrobromic acid c. Hydroiodic acid d. Hydrosulfuric acid
2. a. HF b. HBr c. HI d. H₂S

Section 2:

1. a. Phosphoric acid b. Phosphorous acid c. Perchloric acid d. Hypochlorous acid e. Selenic acid f. Selenous acid
2. a. H₃PO₄ b. H₃PO₃ c. HClO₄ d. HClO e. H₂SeO₄ f. H₂SeO₃

Section 3:

1. a. Carbonic acid b. Sulfuric acid c. Phosphoric acid

This worksheet provides a solid foundation for understanding acid nomenclature. Remember to practice regularly to master this essential chemical skill. Further research into more complex acid structures and their naming conventions can deepen your understanding. For instance, exploring acids containing multiple oxyanions or those with less common nonmetals will provide a more complete picture.