intermolecular forces worksheet answer key

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03-02-2025

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This answer key provides solutions and explanations for a typical intermolecular forces worksheet. Remember that specific questions on your worksheet might vary slightly, so use this as a guide and compare it to your own questions. If you have specific questions from your worksheet, feel free to ask!

Section 1: Identifying Intermolecular Forces

Instructions: Identify the strongest type of intermolecular force present in each of the following molecules.

Section 2: Comparing Intermolecular Forces

Instructions: Compare the strength of intermolecular forces in the following pairs of molecules. Explain your reasoning.

1. H₂O vs. H₂S: H₂O has stronger intermolecular forces than H₂S. While both molecules exhibit dipole-dipole interactions, H₂O exhibits hydrogen bonding due to the presence of O-H bonds, which are significantly stronger than the dipole-dipole interactions in H₂S (S-H bonds).

2. CH₄ vs. CCl₄: CCl₄ has stronger intermolecular forces than CH₄. Although both are nonpolar and rely on London Dispersion Forces (LDFs), CCl₄ has a much larger electron cloud and greater polarizability due to the presence of the larger chlorine atoms. Larger electron clouds lead to stronger LDFs.

3. HF vs. HI: HF has stronger intermolecular forces than HI. HF exhibits hydrogen bonding due to the highly electronegative fluorine atom bonded to hydrogen. HI only experiences weaker dipole-dipole interactions and LDFs.

Section 3: Properties and Intermolecular Forces

Instructions: Explain how the type of intermolecular forces affects the following properties:

1. Boiling Point: Stronger intermolecular forces lead to higher boiling points. More energy is required to overcome the stronger attractions between molecules to transition from the liquid to the gas phase.

2. Melting Point: Similar to boiling point, stronger intermolecular forces result in higher melting points. More energy is needed to overcome the attractive forces holding the molecules in a solid structure.

3. Viscosity: Stronger intermolecular forces lead to higher viscosity (resistance to flow). Molecules are more strongly attracted to each other, hindering their movement.

4. Surface Tension: Stronger intermolecular forces result in higher surface tension. The cohesive forces between molecules at the surface are stronger, minimizing surface area.

This answer key provides a framework. Always refer back to your specific worksheet questions for the most accurate answers. Remember to understand the why behind each answer – that's the key to mastering intermolecular forces!